Accelerating Root Cause Identification of Subtle Bonding Failures Using MIP

Texas Instruments, ECTC 2025, Cu Bond Wire, Reliability Test.

Abstract

Bonding failures are a common source of abnormal electrical signals in failing devices. While major defects are easily identifiable, detecting subtle wire bond failures remains challenging. Identifying these minor defects often requires a tedious investigation. This work demonstrates using JIACO Microwave Induced Plasma (MIP) to reveal subtle bonding failures that go undetected in curve trace analysis. By correlating discolored bond wires with lifted ball bonds through optical imaging, all lifted ball bonds can be identified more efficiently, thereby accelerating root cause investigation. A post-decapsulation analysis of a case study is presented, along with a theoretical explanation of the detecting method.

AUTHORS

Charles Odegard (Texas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, USA)

Daniel Scott (Texas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, USA)

Olivia Bonin (Texas Instruments, Inc. Dallas, USA)

Yashan Peng (JIACO Instruments. Delft, The Netherlands)

Jiaqi Tang (JIACO Instruments. Delft, The Netherlands)

Mark McKinnon (JIACO Instruments. Delft, The Netherlands)

Kees Beenakker (JIACO Instruments. Delft, The Netherlands)

FIGURES

Visual highlights from the research and analysis presented in this publication.

1
Failing copper ball bond

Fig. 1 — SEM image of the wire and ball bottom of a failing pin lifted ball

2
Non-failing copper ball bond

Fig. 2 — SEM image of the wire and ball bottom of a non-failing pin after pulling the ball bond away from the pad with tweezers

3
A subtle bonding failure

Fig. 3 — Optical image showing the surface differences between lifted ball bonds (left side) and an intact ball bond (right side)

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